Greece has recorded the largest reduction in public debt among the EU’s 27 member states following the pandemic crisis, according to aggregated Eurostat data announced yesterday, confirming the steady downward trend of recent years.

“Greece is recording the fastest debt reduction in history,” emphasized Minister of National Economy Kyriakos Pierrakakis in a post on X. As Kyriakos Pierrakakis highlights, the rapid reduction of debt is a deliberate government choice, aimed at ensuring it is not passed on to the next generation.

Public debt-to-GDP ratio (Source: Eurostat, AMECO)

Due to extraordinary fiscal spending and the recession caused by Covid-19, Greek debt had risen in the first quarter of 2021 to 212.9% of GDP—more than double the European average, which at that time stood at 91.5%. However, by the end of 2025, the debt-to-GDP ratio had declined to 146.1%. This decrease—amounting to nearly 67 percentage points within four years—was achieved despite the pressures on the economy from the dual energy and supply crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

In practice, Greece’s debt-to-GDP ratio has returned to its most favorable levels since the summer of 2010, that is, since the launch of the first adjustment program. This outcome is attributed to prudent fiscal policy with the creation of primary surpluses, the early repayment of loans from the first bailout program and expensive IMF loans, as well as strong growth rates that boost GDP. During the same period, the European average improved by only 9.8 percentage points. As a result, the gap between Greece and the EU narrowed to 64.4 percentage points, compared to 121.4 points recorded at the beginning of 2021. The only country with comparable performance is Cyprus, which between 2021 and 2025 improved its debt-to-GDP ratio by 62.5 percentage points. On the other hand, eight member states saw their debt increase, while major economies such as Germany and France reduced their debt-to-GDP ratios by just 5.3 and 1.5 percentage points respectively, despite their traditionally lower borrowing costs.

It is noted that the structure of Greek debt remains favorable, as a large portion consists of support loans from previous programs, as also highlighted by the analysis of ELSTAT. The government’s economic team continues to target a further reduction of the debt, aiming for 140% of GDP by 2027 and 120% by 2030.

(Source: https://www.amna.gr, Cover photo: Shutterstock)

Valdis Dombrovskis, Commissioner for Economy and Productivity, and for Implementation and Simplification, https://x.com/VDombrovskis/status/2047262424554705205/photo/1

Daniel Kral - Oxford Economics, https://x.com/DanielKral1/status/2046961944570069296/photo/1

Daniel Kral - Oxford Economics, https://x.com/DanielKral1/status/2046961944570069296/photo/1

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The Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs constitutes the institutional memory of Greece’s foreign policy. Through its ongoing classification and digitization, it is being transformed into a modern and effective tool for conducting diplomacy. On Monday, April 20, the digitization project of the Diplomatic and Historical Archive was officially presented at an event held at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Addressing the event, Minister of Foreign Affairs, George Gerapetritis, emphasized that “the digitization of more than 31 million pages of valuable archival material marks a particularly significant step toward transparency. Historical accountability must be grounded in evidence, and that evidence must be objective. Everyone is entitled to their own subjective judgment; historians, researchers, scholars, politicians. On the other hand, the objective records that constitute our history are those upon which any evaluation and any form of accountability must be built”.

He further emphasized that the digitization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ archive also “serves as a foundation for shaping future policy. Historical memory is what truly forms the conditions for a successful future. No one has ever built successfully without building upon the past, not only on its great moments, but primarily on its failures. Because evaluating each failure is the path to avoiding it in the future. For this reason, the digitization of the archival material of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs essentially represents the path through which we will ensure even greater and more significant moments in the history of Greek diplomacy.

The project was implemented within the framework of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan “Greece 2.0,” funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, in cooperation with the Information Society S.A., with a consortium comprising OTE and QUALITY AND RELIABILITY S.A. as contractor. The project was completed over 8 months, with contributions from more than 150 employees from both the contractor and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Within this framework, tens of millions of pages of archival material were digitized and microfilmed. Furthermore, tens of thousands of previously unclassified archival folders were organized and a new digital platform was developed to allow licensed researchers to access and study the digitized archival material (including the use of Artificial Intelligence tools).

Benefits of the project

Through digitization, the archival material of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is integrated into a comprehensive digital infrastructure ensuring secure preservation, efficient searchability, and controlled accessibility, in accordance with the applicable regulatory framework.

In particular, the project delivers the following:

1. Expanded archival availability: A substantial volume of previously unclassified or unstructured material has been organized and incorporated into a unified system, making the archive more complete, coherent, and clearly defined.
2. Sustainable preservation: The material is now stored in digital form within a secure environment that ensures data integrity, enhanced protection, and long-term preservation.
3. Enhanced safeguarding: All digitized material has also been microfilmed, providing an additional analog backup layer.
4. Immediate access through AI tools: Advanced mechanisms for information retrieval have been developed, enabling fast and efficient access under strict management rules and modern standards of security and confidentiality.
5. Improved usability: The archive is now significantly more accessible and functional for researchers, citizens, and policymakers, supporting foreign policy through quicker access to reliable data and well-documented references.

Strengthening the Archive as a Tool of Diplomacy

The digitization of the Diplomatic and Historical Archive significantly enhances the use of documented historical knowledge as a structured instrument for international communication and diplomacy. Through controlled access and reliable retrieval systems, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs strengthens its ability to support the consistent presentation of Greek positions and to facilitate a deeper understanding of key historical and political decisions.

In this way, the Archive evolves into a hub of documentation, outreach, and transparency—contributing to democratic accountability and reinforcing the credibility of Greece’s international presence.

A European Benchmark in Diplomatic Archive Digitization

This project establishes Greece as a leading country in modern archival management at the European level. For the first time, such an extensive and historically valuable body of material has been systematically organized, documented, and made operational through a unified digital infrastructure with high standards of security and institutional oversight.

Rather than merely aligning with international practices, this initiative sets a new benchmark for preserving diplomatic heritage and leveraging it effectively in support of national priorities within the global environment.

Diplomatic and Historical Archives

The Service of Diplomatic and Historical Archives (YDIA) of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) is responsible, according to article 142 of the Statute of the Ministry (Law 4781/2021), for organizing, preserving, safe-keeping, utilizing and promoting the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for issuing studies, for the declassification of diplomatic archives and the encouragement of research. It is responsible for all records containing information (archives) that the Central Service of the Ministry (Directorates, Services, Offices) and the Greek authorities abroad (Embassies, Consulates, Permanent Delegations, Liaison Offices) receive, create or send, in all formats (ex. documents, audiovisual items, electronic records etc.). YDIA is also responsible for the Audiovisual Archives, the Library and the museum collection of the Ministry.

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The Secretary General for Communication and Information, Dimitris Kirmikiroglou, participated as Greece’s National Focal Point at the 4^th Annual Meeting of National Focal Point Representatives of the OSCE Programme on the Safety of Journalists and Media Freedom, held in Bern, Switzerland on 15–16 April 2026 (cover photo: https://media.gov.gr). Greece has been participating in the OSCE Programme on the Safety of Journalists since August 2022 and has been recognized as a “Spotlight Case” country for the implementation of best practices.

Within the framework of the meeting, which was hosted at the Bernerhof building with the participation of representatives from 25 OSCE member states, the Secretary General for Communication and Information presented Greece’s progress in implementing “Decision No. 3/18” on the Safety of Journalists, adopted by the Ministers of OSCE participating States. In particular, he referred to:

• Law 5253/2025, which incorporates the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) and establishes the framework for the Hellenic Media Council,
• the National Strategy for Media Literacy,
• the funding of the SLAPP Observatory (strategic lawsuits against public participation) of POESY, and
• the institutional guarantees of editorial independence.

The Representatives of the OSCE National Focal Points for the Safety of Journalists in Bern (Source: https://media.gov.gr)

As Mr. Kirmikiroglou emphasized, “the press is under attack globally—from violence, powerful economic interests, and illiberal regimes that invest in controlled algorithms rather than critical voices. The responses must be collective and decisive. Greece is fully committed to reforms that will strengthen the media and safeguard press freedom as an indispensable prerequisite for a healthy democracy.”

The reforms implemented by the Greek government for the press—as one of the fundamental pillars of the rule of law and democracy—attracted significant international interest during the discussions, highlighting Greece as a reference country for reforms in the field of media.

At the same time, the General Secretariat for Communication and Information, investing in the younger generation, is developing partnerships with universities, establishing Regional Media Hubs to foster local information ecosystems, and implementing the “Cultivating Critical Readers” program in schools across the country.

A central element of Mr. Kirmikiroglou’s presentation was the National Action Plan for the Safety of Journalists, as incorporated in Article 40 of Law 5253/2025. This constitutes the country’s first comprehensive strategic framework, with a three-year horizon, for the protection of media professionals. The Plan is structured around eight Strategic Pillars, with specific objectives and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and draws on best practices from countries with established experience in protecting journalists. The roadmap for implementing the Action Plan foresees the launch of the consultation process in May 2026, including a series of regional workshops across the country, with completion scheduled for September 2026.

A central role in the Plan is played by the International Training Center for the Safety of Journalists and Media Professionals (ICSJ) at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which serves as an official partner of the OSCE for the 2025–2026 period. In March 2026, the ICSJ organized in Thessaloniki the 3^rd Annual International Conference “Bearing Witness: Trauma and Resilience in Modern Journalism,” as well as the 3^rd Training School “Journalists’ Safety” at the Multinational Peace Support Operations Training Center in Kilkis.

Speaking at the 3rd Annual International Conference “Bearing Witness: Trauma and Resilience in Modern Journalism,” Mr. Kirmikiroglou had explained that the main pillars of the National Action Plan for the Safety of Journalists will include: physical safety and cooperation with the police and the justice system, following the models of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom; digital safety, including the establishment of a Digital Protection Center and the implementation of Article 4 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) to prohibit the use of spyware against journalists; tackling abusive lawsuits; training and capacity-building; media literacy and public awareness; research, data collection, and continuous monitoring; international engagement; and specific provisions for women journalists, freelancers, and exiled journalists.

The International Training Center for the Safety of Journalists and Media Professionals (ICSJ)has an educational and research focus. Regarding the educational focus, ICSJ utilizes the material and tools of the academic community and provides specialized training to journalists and media professionals. Regarding the research focus, the center implements extended research on topics related to the safety of journalists and media professionals, both in war zones and in crisis, as well as threats against them, connected with everyday work, such as physical, legal, economic, freedom of expression and cyber security issues. In parallel, ICSJ aims to develop support tools, as well as a supportive network for journalists and media professionals that operate in war zones and crises. ICSJ acts under the scientific responsibility of the Peace Journalism Laboratory, Department of Journalism and Media, of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.

Bearing Witness: Trauma and Resilience in Modern Journalism. A moment captured at the close of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Journalist Safety. Two days of meaningful dialogue, shared expertise, and a collective commitment to a safer and more trauma-informed media landscape. The International Training Center for the Safety of Journalists and Media Professionals (ICSJ), under the scientific responsibility of the Peace Journalism Laboratory of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, remains committed to advancing this work through specialized training, research, and support for journalists in war zones and crisis environments.

(Source: https://www.facebook.com/icsj.net/)

Read also:

Greece Strengthens Global Efforts to Protect Journalists and End Impunity

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The drilling agreement for Block 2 in the Northwestern Ionian Sea was signed on April 15, in the presence of the Minister of Environment and Energy, Mr. Stavros Papastavrou, between Energean (as operator of the ExxonMobil – Energean – HELLENiQ Energy consortium) and Stena Drilling.

The event was attended by the CEOs of Energean, Mr. Mathios Rigas; Stena Drilling, Mr. Erik Ronsberg; and HelleniQ Energy, Mr. Andreas Shiamishis, as well as the Ambassadors of the United States, Ms. Kimberly Guilfoyle, and Sweden, Mr. Håkan Emsgård.

During the event, held at the Ministry of Environment and Energy, Mr. Papastavrou stated:

“This is a historic moment for our country, as we implement the national strategy of Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to strengthen energy security and accelerate the development of the hydrocarbons sector. It brings to fruition decades of planning, studies, and expectations.

It is historic because, as of today, we begin the countdown, measured in months and days, toward mid-February 2027. In approximately 300 days, Greece will carry out its first offshore exploratory drilling in nearly half a century, at the ‘Asopos-1’ target in the Northwestern Ionian. The name ‘Asopos-1’ carries strong symbolism, linking our country’s modern energy efforts with its rich mythological heritage.

This moment is also historic because, should the strong indications of natural gas at the Asopos-1 site be confirmed and prove commercially viable, it could drive a significant leap in economic growth and geopolitical strength for Greece. The country would become more energy-resilient, with substantially increased public revenues—at least 40% of profits will accrue to the state—alongside more and higher-quality jobs, enhanced technical expertise, and new investments in infrastructure. Fully aligned with the highest environmental standards and supported by cutting-edge technology, all activities will be carried out with the utmost respect for ecosystems and local communities.”

The U.S. Ambassador to Greece Ms. Kimberly Guilfoyle stated:

“The collaboration between ExxonMobil, Energean, HelleniQ Energy, and Stena is a powerful example of what our partnership can achieve. It brings together American innovation, Greek expertise, and Swedish technology, demonstrating that when the United States and its closest allies work together, we deliver real results.

Today’s agreement reflects our shared commitment to strengthening energy security and diversifying supply sources, both now and in the future. It also underscores our confidence in Greece’s economic trajectory, its transparent regulatory framework, and the strong ties between American and Greek businesses.

This drilling agreement highlights the opportunities the region has to offer and reinforces Greece’s role as a reliable energy partner and a pillar of stability. Today’s signing does not mark the end of a process; it marks the beginning of a new chapter, defined by closer cooperation, greater ambition, and tangible results.”

HelleniQ Energy CEO, Mr. Shiamishis, emphasized:

“Today is a significant day because it represents, in essence, one step in a marathon journey. This is not something achieved through occasional announcements or statements. It is a process that requires considerable time to come to fruition. I believe that, at the very least, the current Minister has demonstrated in practice that he understands the framework within which we operate.

Naturally, the discovery of hydrocarbons, whether natural gas or oil, carries substantial importance in itself, and even more so when combined with additional potential opportunities for exploration and the discovery of new reserves. These efforts are undertaken in collaboration with partners who are among the world’s leading companies. ExxonMobil and Chevron are organizations that can bring significant added value to Greece, regardless of whether discoveries are ultimately made. The value they contribute is undeniable.

The issue of energy security, highlighted earlier by both the Minister and the U.S. Ambassador to Greece, is one we continually face. Whether we like it or not, it will inevitably return to the forefront.”

The Ambassador of Sweden to Greece, Mr. Håkan Emsgård, noted:

“Our presence here today is closely linked to Greece’s success over the past decade. The country has achieved stable economic growth that exceeds that of most European countries. This success is equally evident in the energy sector, where Greece has freed itself from past energy dependencies. Greece is now a net exporter of electricity. This is an impressive achievement. The country is developing into an energy hub in the Eastern Mediterranean. The project we are discussing today constitutes a significant indication of this course. This is only the beginning—the beginning of something that has enormous prospects for all of us.”

Source: Ministry of Environment and Energy

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The promotion of mountain tourism took center stage at a recent event hosted by the Ministry of Tourism, where Minister Olga Kefalogianni unveiled a comprehensive plan to position Greece’s mountainous regions as a central pillar of the national tourism strategy. This initiative is part of a broader effort for sustainable and balanced development, aiming to extend the tourist season and support local communities.

The new promotional program for mountainous Greece was presented for the first time, aiming to boost the visibility of mountain destinations and attract visitors throughout the year. With the message “Mountainous Greece. It takes you higher. All year round,” the new communication campaign focuses on the concept of authentic experience, highlighting elements such as gastronomy, culture, nature, and outdoor activities. The campaign’s message presents mountainous Greece as a destination that offers not only recreation but also inner balance and rejuvenation. As emphasized, the goal is to showcase the country’s mountainous regions as places where visitors can disconnect from everyday life and reconnect with nature and themselves. As part of the event, the campaign was introduced with the ambition of serving as a starting point for repositioning mountainous Greece on the tourism map, both domestically and internationally.

“Mountainous Greece. It takes you higher. All year round”

The Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister, Thanasis Kontogeorgis, in his speech highlighted the revitalization of the regions—especially mountainous areas—as one of the main drivers of the National Strategy for Regional and Local Development, a central national goal for balanced growth across the country. “Mountain tourism is not for us an ‘alternative’ option—a stopgap solution. Together with infrastructure, housing, employment, and spatial planning, it is at the forefront of our strategy for regional development,” he emphasized. Mr. Kontogeorgis stressed that mountain tourism is not an isolated activity but a catalyst that mobilizes the entire local economy, from livestock farmers and local product producers to new entrepreneurs. The qualitative upgrading of the tourism product, achieved through the methodical work of the Ministry of Tourism’s leadership, creates the conditions for keeping communities vibrant all year round.

According to the Deputy Minister, the political will to support regional and mountainous areas is confirmed by the establishment of the Special Secretariat for Mountainous Areas within the Presidency of the Government. This new structure operates as a unified institutional pillar and a hub connecting the state with the regions, aiming to implement and further develop a comprehensive national strategy based on 12 pillars that will ensure social cohesion and the revitalization of mountain communities. This strategy will be supported by funding exceeding €1 billion annually (through the Public Investment Program, ESPA, and the European Social Climate Fund), ensuring social cohesion and the upgrading of infrastructure. “Our main concern is to safeguard the right of those who choose to remain in mountainous areas to stay, work, and prosper in the place where they were born and which they love,” he emphasized.

During her address, Tourism Minister Olga Kefalogianni emphasized that mountainous Greece, which covers around 80% of the country’s total land area, must be brought to the forefront. As she noted, it represents “another Greece”—less well known but equally attractive—capable of offering authentic experiences to visitors. Particular emphasis was placed on emerging trends in the global tourism market, with travelers increasingly seeking experiential travel, a connection with nature, and authenticity. In this context, the development of mountain tourism is presented as a strategic choice that meets modern demands and enhances the competitiveness of Greece’s tourism product.

“These modern demand patterns are shaping a new landscape in travel demand, based on the creation of authentic and enriching experiences,” the minister said, adding: “In this direction, focusing on the development and promotion of mountain tourism is a major opportunity for Greece. Thanks to its rugged mountainous terrain—from Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, and the Peloponnese to Crete—our country holds a strong comparative advantage in this sector as well. Every mountainous destination encompasses a multifaceted experience, with valuable resources such as landscapes and ecosystems of exceptional beauty, centuries-old traditions, the warmth of its people, primary production, and unique local products. Our aim, therefore, is to give mountainous Greece a new, leading role—to establish it as a standalone and complete travel option or to complement our strong ‘sun and sea’ brand.”

Within the framework of strengthening mountain tourism, a set of interventions at both institutional and development levels was presented. These include enabling ski resorts to operate year-round, as well as the development of alternative activities beyond skiing. At the same time, plans are being promoted for the creation of a new product, the “Sustainable Mountain Tourism Destination,” which combines tourism development with environmental protection.

Particular importance is also being placed on boosting domestic tourism demand. As announced, the “Tourism for All 2025” program offers increased incentives for holidays in mountainous areas during the winter and shoulder seasons, while a similar approach will be followed in the next program for the 2026–2027 period.

The minister noted that resources from the Recovery and Resilience Facility also play a key role in implementing the strategy. An extensive program of projects is currently underway, with a total budget of approximately €90 million, focusing on upgrading infrastructure in mountainous areas and creating a digital promotion platform.

The minister concluded her remarks by stressing the importance of cooperation among all stakeholders, noting that the success of the initiative depends on synergy between the state, local authorities, businesses, and local communities. As she pointed out, the aim is to create a new, fairer, and more sustainable model of tourism development that benefits the entire country.

(Source: https://www.amna.gr, https://mintour.gov.gr)

VisitGreece.gr is the official tourism portal of Greece, operated by the Greek National Tourism Organisation (GNTO). The website serves as the primary digital platform for promoting Greece as a year-round travel destination. It provides comprehensive information on destinations, activities, events, and travel planning, including transportation, visas, and safety tips. VisitGreece.gr also offers inspiration for themed trips, itineraries, and unique experiences, helping international visitors easily explore and plan their stay in Greece.

Read also:

Greek mountains – a place for year-round tourism

Discover Greece’s Waterfalls

Zagori Cultural Landscape: Α new entry in UNESCO’s list

Olympus: The mountain of the gods

Mountainous Arcadia: A ‘mythical’ destination in the Peloponnese

Discover the beauty of Kalavrita

Mount Taygetos: Where nature meets heritage

Discover Foloi | The forest of the mythical Centaurs

Metsovo | The compelling charm of a traditional Epirus town

Nymfaio | The Northern Greek village straight out of a fairytale

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The anniversary exhibition “Gennadius 100: A Century of Inspiration” (1.4-26.7.2026) narrates the history of the Gennadius Library through approximately 100 exhibits—matching the number of years since its founding. The Gennadius Library of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, one of the country’s most important intellectual institutions, serves as a treasure trove of knowledge, remarkable collections, and rare books—some of which are being presented to the public for the first time in this exhibition.

The items featured in the exhibition offer visitors the opportunity to explore a world where history, art, and research coexist. From materials that narrate the evolution of Hellenism from antiquity to the present day, to personal archives of important figures and rare historical maps of the eastern Mediterranean, a multilayered account unfolds—telling both the story of the Library and the broader course of Hellenism itself.

The Gennadius Library: Opened in 1926 with the 26,000 volume collection of diplomat and bibliophile Joannes Gennadius, the Gennadius Library houses today 145,000 titles of rare books and bindings, research materials, manuscripts, archives, and works of art that illuminate Hellenism, Greece, and neighboring civilizations from antiquity to modern times. Rare maps of the Mediterranean, early editions of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and a laurel wreath belonging to Lord Byron are just some of the unique items to be found here. In addition to its role as an internationally renowned library and research institution, the Library is an active participant in the Athenian and international cultural community through its public lectures, seminars, concerts, exhibitions, and publications.

Founders Joannes and Florence/Anthi Gennadius (upper left), Opening of the Gennadius Library, April 23, 1926 (upper right), Officials arriving at the opening of the Gennadius Library (lower) (Photos: www.ascsa.edu.gr)

Approximately 100 selected objects—rare books, manuscripts, works of art, maps, and archival material—highlight the journey of an institution that evolved from a private collection into an international research center. The exhibits, complemented by photographs and audiovisual material, shed light not only on the collection itself but also on the people behind it: collectors, donors, researchers, and librarians who shaped the identity of the Gennadius Library.

“The exhibition is not only a retrospective of the past, but also a starting point for the future. It highlights the dynamic nature of knowledge as a living process that continues to evolve,” notes the Director of the Gennadius Library, Maria Georgopoulou, curator of the exhibition, together with Irene Solomonidi, Head Librarian.

Forming a unified narrative, the exhibition is structured into ten thematic sections presenting:

• “The Vision” – the creation of Ioannis Gennadios’s collection
• “The Foundation” – the birth of the Library as an institution
• “The Legacy” – the donations that shaped it
• “The Collections” – rare books, manuscripts, and archives
• “Beyond the Book” – works of art, maps, and visual material
• “People” – the individuals behind the Library
• “Research” – its contribution to the humanities
• “Networks” – its international presence and collaborations
• “A Library Without Borders” – its cultural outreach
• “The Future” – its digital transition and role in the 21st century

One of the exhibition’s most engaging features is a section created by 45 researchers who have worked or studied at the Gennadius Library. Using their mobile phones and QR codes, visitors can discover the researchers’ favorite items from the Library, along with the reasons they selected them

The exhibition sections are arranged within the I. Makriyannis Wing in Kolonaki district in a way that allows visitors to follow multiple paths—historical, thematic, and experiential—each shaping their own personal interpretation of the Gennadius Library. Admission to the exhibition is free.

Rare editions presented, among others, at the exhibition:

• The grammar of Laskaris, the first dated Greek edition, marking the birth of Greek printing in the West.
• The Athenian edition of “The Lyric and Bacchic Poems” by Athanasios Christopoulos, the first Greek book printed in the city (1825).
• The first edition of Lucian, printed in Florence by Lorenzo de Alopa in 1496, edited by Janus Laskaris.
• The first edition of Homer’s works (Florence, 1488), produced by the Greek scholar Demetrios Chalkokondyles.
• The complete works of Aristotle, first printed in Venice in five volumes (1495–1498), the first major printing achievement of Aldus Manutius.

• The first printed edition of “Erotokritos” by Vitsentzos Kornaros, published in 1713 in Venice by Antonio Bortoli.

Read also: History of Greek Printing by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

Exhibition “Gennadius Library 100. A Century of Inspiration”, American School of Classical Studies at Athens

Source: https://www.amna.gr

Photos: https://www.facebook.com/GennadiusLibrary/

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Minister of Digital Governance and Artificial Intelligence, Dimitris Papastergiou, presented the opportunities arising for Greece’s space ecosystem as Adrian Golemis becomes the first Greek to participate in the official European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut training program.

For the first time in its history, Greece is officially represented in an ESA astronaut training program. Adrian Golemis will soon begin his training at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. This development marks a major milestone in strengthening Greece’s presence in space research and technology, opening new opportunities for the country’s participation in international space missions. The training, scheduled to start in April 2026, is a fundamental prerequisite for future participation in space missions and includes an intensive program of theoretical instruction and practical exercises.

Minister Papastergiou stated: "The training of the first Greek astronaut is not only a personal achievement for Adrian; it is a powerful symbol of a new era for our country in space. It is living proof that Greece can design, participate, and play a leading role in a field that until recently seemed distant. I cannot think of a better proof than the fact that a Greek citizen will now have the opportunity to travel to space. Our national presence in space is not fragmented; it is part of a cohesive strategy that is already underway: from increasing our participation in ESA research programs to the National Microsatellite Program, whose first launches are already a reality. Six micro- and nanosatellites are currently in orbit, while in the coming days, weather permitting, six more Greek nanosatellites are expected to be launched. In April, we continue with thermal microsatellites, further expanding our operational capabilities in space. In this way, we are creating a comprehensive ecosystem of knowledge, innovation, and production".

Adrian Golemis commented: "It is a great joy for me that, through the systematic work of the Hellenic Space Center and the General Secretariat of Telecommunications and Post, my success in ESA’s most recent astronaut selection has been transformed from a personal achievement into a national opportunity. It is an honor to help Greece be represented for the first time in the field of astronauts. Traveling to space has been a childhood dream. I am thrilled that we are moving forward with the right framework for our country: my integration into ESA’s astronaut training program expands the window for Greek companies, universities, and research institutions to participate in the agency’s collaborative programs, complementing the National Microsatellite Program that is already underway. Having worked in this field for eight years, I have witnessed the significant economic, scientific, geopolitical, and educational benefits that arise. I am particularly pleased that Greece is now moving in this direction and extending its activity in human and robotic space exploration. It is important to recognize that our country has a mature ecosystem capable of contributing to and benefiting from the European framework. Astronaut training also prepares us for the possibility of Greek participation, in collaboration with Europe and the U.S., in missions to the International Space Station (ISS), advancing domestic space research and technology for future applications that improve life on Earth. I would like to sincerely thank my family for their support, as well as every Greek citizen who has worked for our country’s entry into the astronaut program."

Brief Biography of Adrian Golemis

Adrian Golemis was born and raised in Larissa, studied medicine at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and completed an interdisciplinary Master’s in Space Sciences at the International Space University (ISU) in France.

He has lived and worked for one year in complete isolation with a small crew at the Concordia Station in Antarctica, conducting European experiments studying changes in human physiology and psychology under extreme living conditions similar to those in space. His next posting was at the French Institute of Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), where he worked on clinical studies simulating the challenges faced by the human body in space, aimed at improving understanding and care on Earth.

Since 2018, he has contributed to the medical support of ESA astronauts, currently serving as Lead Flight Surgeon. He is also a research collaborator at the Hellenic Space Center (ELKED).

In 2022, Golemis ranked first among 25 selected candidates out of 22,500 applicants in ESA’s astronaut selection process, becoming the first Greek citizen to complete all selection stages, enabling Greece to be represented in a research mission in space for the first time. Subsequently, he was elected a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).

Golemis also promotes science through public presentations and interviews, including many in schools.

Source: Ministry of Digital Governance and Artificial Intelligence

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The web portal Study in Greece is campaigning for the promotion and international visibility of Greek Universities and the comparative educational advantages of our country. In particular, the campaign focuses on the foreign language study programs that Greek Universities offer to Greek and international students. The initiative is supported by the General Secretariat of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs and the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad and Public Diplomacy of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. In this context, a number of educational programs and actions are presented in detail on a regular basis, such as undergraduate and postgraduate programs, summer schools etc, to inform international students about the many foreign language options offered by Greek Universities.

Manolis I. Stefanakis is Professor of Classical Archaeology and Numismatics in the Department of Mediterranean Studies at the University of the Aegean, where he also serves as Director of the BA in Eastern Mediterranean Studies (Archaeology–History–Culture). His research focuses on Classical Archaeology and Ancient Greek Numismatics, with particular emphasis on the interdisciplinary fields of Archaeology and Sustainability and Archaeoseismology.

Study in Greece interviewed Professor Manolis I. Stefanakis on the BA in Eastern Mediterranean Studies, its features and what it has to offer to international students.

Professor Stefanakis, please give us an overview of the brand new BA program in Eastern Mediterranean Studies, its structure and its main research areas.

The BA in Eastern Mediterranean Studies (Archaeology–History–Culture) is a four-year, interdisciplinary undergraduate program, fully taught in English and exclusively addressed to an international student body. The program focuses on the study of the Eastern Mediterranean from prehistoric times to the late Byzantine and medieval periods, combining approaches from archaeology, history, and classical and cultural studies. Its structure offers students a solid theoretical background alongside methodological training, encouraging comparative and cross-cultural perspectives. The main research areas include material culture, historical processes, cultural interaction, and the long-term dynamics that shaped societies across the Eastern Mediterranean world in the past.

How does your BA align with the general extroversion strategy and internationalization goals of the University of the Aegean?

The program is fully aligned with the internationalization strategy of the University of the Aegean. Being the first undergraduate program of the university taught entirely in English and exclusively addressed to international students, it significantly enhances the institution’s outward-looking orientation and global academic presence. By welcoming students from different countries and academic backgrounds, the BA in Eastern Mediterranean Studies promotes academic mobility, intercultural exchange, and international collaboration.

Could you give us more insights about the correlation between the subject of the program and the university’s key location?

The program’s subject matter is deeply connected to the geographical location of the Department of Mediterranean Studies: Archaeology, Linguistics, International Relations of the University of the Aegean, based on the island of Rhodes. Situated at a historical crossroads of the Eastern Mediterranean, Rhodes offers a unique living laboratory of archaeological sites and cultural landscapes spanning multiple historical periods. This strategic location allows students to directly engage with the material and historical realities they study.

What future prospects does your BA program open up for its graduates in the academic field and in the job market?

Graduates are well prepared for postgraduate studies and academic research in archaeology, history, heritage studies, and Mediterranean studies. Beyond academia, the program equips students for careers in museums, cultural institutions, heritage management, education, cultural tourism, international organizations, and the public and private sectors.

Your program is the first international undergraduate program featured in the University of the Aegean. Would you say that it is the first of many to be established in the university?

As the first, indeed, international undergraduate program of the University of the Aegean, this BA marks an important milestone. It reflects the institution’s commitment to expanding English-taught degrees and strengthening international outreach. While no official announcements have been made, I am sure that the program will serve as a model for future international initiatives.

What would you say to students that are interested in pursuing an academic path in this specific discipline to consider your program?

Students interested in the history, archaeology, and cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean will find this program an excellent foundation for an academic career. It offers a rigorous interdisciplinary curriculum within an international academic environment. The program prepares students to contribute meaningfully to scholarship, cultural heritage, and international dialogue, while offering an insight on living history on the island of Rhodes.

Applications are now open! For more, follow the link:

https://apply.studyingreece.edu.gr/en/programmes/bsc/1728/details/eastern-mediterranean-studies-archaeology-history-culture

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Celebrating World Greek Language Day, the Embassy of Greece in Tokyo organized, on March 9, an academic event in cooperation with the University of Tokyo, held at the University’s premises. At the opening of the event, the commemorative message of the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Loverdos, was presented, along with a relevant informational video produced by the Ministry of Culture, translated into Japanese.

This was followed by a welcome address from the Ambassador of Greece to Tokyo, Ms. Kliamaki, who emphasized the timeless value of the Greek language throughout its long history, from the works of ancient Greek authors to our National Poet, Dionysios Solomos, as well as its contemporary use in science and its status as an official language in Greece and Cyprus, both members of the European Union.

The global influence of the Greek language was internationally acknowledged at the 43rd General Conference of UNESCO (Samarkand, November 2025). The audience was particularly impressed by the speech of the Minister of Culture, Ms. Mendoni, delivered at the UNESCO General Conference, in which she illustrated the contribution of Greek to the English language through the use of Greek-derived terms.

The event also featured lectures by academics with a background in classical studies from four different universities in the Japanese capital, addressing themes related to different periods of the Greek language. Dr. Takashi Matsuura (University of Tokyo) spoke about the origins of the Greek language, including the arrival of the first Greek tribes in the Greek region and the earliest examples of ancient Greek writing and dialects. Special emphasis was placed on the connection between Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary with the ancient Greek alphabet.

Professor Yoshinori Sano (International Christian University) discussed the reception of elements from the Iliad—especially the story of Ajax—in Sophocles’ tragedy of the same name, also drawing parallels with similar themes in Japanese epics and Noh theatre. Explaining the evolution of the Greek language after antiquity, he concluded that despite the millennia separating classical ancient and modern Greek, linguistic continuity remains stronger than in the case of Japanese.

The audience also attended with admiration a short musical performance by artist Futaba Sato, a graduate of classical studies, who performed excerpts from the Iliad and poems by Sappho, accompanied by an ancient Greek lyre acquired from a specialized workshop in Greece.

In the second part of the event, Professor Akihiko Watanabe (Otsuma Women’s University) addressed katharevousa as a linguistic bridge between ancient and modern Greek and as a unique example of combining elements from all periods of the Greek language. By reading excerpts from the works of A. Papadiamantis and D. Vikelas, he presented examples of the coexistence of ancient and modern Greek elements in katharevousa, a feature that continues in contemporary Greek, which is enriched by archaizing expressions.

The event concluded with a lecture by Emeritus Professor Masako Kido from Kyoritsu Women’s University, who has been awarded the rank of Commander of the Order of Beneficence for her contribution to promoting Greek culture in Japan. Her presentation focused on the work of Fotis Kontoglou,   within the search of “Greekness” and the broader intellectual movement of the “Generation of the 1930s,” emphasizing the interplay between text and image and the influence of Byzantine tradition. She also referred to other major modern Greek literary figures, including Nobel laureates George Seferis and Odysseas Elytis.

The event received a particularly positive response from the audience, consisting mainly of Japanese philhellenes and students, as well as members of the Greek and diplomatic communities. It served as a unique opportunity to showcase the long history and international significance of the Greek language at Japan’s most prestigious university. Also in attendance was the Head of the Japan–Greece Parliamentary Friendship Group and former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Digital Reform of Japan, Mr. Taro Kono.

The success of the event was greatly supported by the Department of Classical Studies of the University of Tokyo, as well as by the high level of expertise demonstrated by the speakers.

This initiative forms part of the Embassy’s broader program to promote the Greek language in Japan. In this context, on 13 February, an interactive presentation was held for students of Shibahama School, in cooperation with the Greek language school “Girisha Plaza” and the Municipality of Minato, where the Embassy is located. The presentation focused on the Greek language and its influence on Japanese and was accompanied by a demonstration of traditional Greek dances by the Japanese dance group “Kefi.” In addition, outreach activities were conducted in four prominent Japanese schools, introducing students to Greek history, language, and culture, including reference to the establishment of 9 February as World Greek Language Day by UNESCO.

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Missolonghi welcomes the iconic painting by Eugène Delacroix

In a highly charged atmosphere, marked by deep emotion and admiration, the Xenokrateion Archaeological Museum of Missolonghi welcomed on Saturday, March 14, the iconic painting by Eugène Delacroix, “Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi” (La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi), during an official press conference attended by the Minister of Culture, Lina Mendoni. The work was lent by the Museum of Fine Arts of Bordeaux as part of the events commemorating the 200^th  anniversary of the Exodus of Missolonghi and will remain at the Xenokrateion until November 2026. As of Sunday, March 15, the public has the opportunity to view up close the historic painting by the great Philhellene artist, who, just a few months after the heroic Exodus of 1826, created a work of profound symbolic power, despite never having visited the city. (Cover photo by journalist Nikos Aliagas (https://www.instagram.com/nikosaliagas/p/DV1LJ4iCFcl/). Nikos Aliagas notes that “it is a profound journey through time, where art invites us to reflect on the relationship between human beings and the non-negotiable ideals of existence. Artistic masterpieces are not merely visual achievements; they embody the universal truths that shape societies, traversing the centuries and our shared destiny”).

The Minister of Culture Lina Mendoni and journalist Nikos Aliagas at the press conference (photo https://www.tanea.gr)

The Minister of Culture emphasized that Delacroix’s choice of Missolonghi was far from accidental, as the Third Siege and the Exodus of 1826 shook Europe and secured for the city a distinct place in the memory of Philhellenes. As she noted, the months of starvation, the resistance to the very end, and the conscious decision of the inhabitants not to surrender but to undertake an exodus that was at once doomed and redemptive transformed Missolonghi into a timeless symbol of self-sacrifice and moral transcendence. She further pointed out that the designation “Sacred City,” later attributed to Missolonghi, was not merely honorary, but reflected the conviction that an act of the highest human dignity took place there, worthy of History itself. According to the Minister, it was precisely this deeper moral dimension that Delacroix succeeded in capturing in a unique way. Ms Mendoni further emphasized that Delacroix’s work is not confined to illustrating historical events, but brings to the fore the spiritual essence and cultural depth of the Greek Revolution. As she noted, it is an image that remains timeless and relevant, and has come to be established as one of the most recognizable symbols of the struggle for freedom, not only for the Greeks but more broadly.

Eugène Delacroix, Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi, 1826, oil on canvas, Dimensions: 213 x 142 cm (frame excluded), Acquisition: bought by the Salon de la Société des Amis des Arts de Bordeaux, 1852, Musée des Beaux-Arts Bordeau (MUSBA)

Temporary exhibition “Exodus, 1826–2026” in Missolonghi

The National Historical Museum (NHM) and the Region of Western Greece, on the occasion of the 200^th anniversary of the Exodus of Missolonghi, co-organize an exhibition titled “Exodus, 1826–2026”, to be held in Missolonghi from March 20 to October 15, 2026, at the Chryssogelos Mansion. The exhibition offers a concise presentation of the events of the Second Siege of Missolonghi, their impact, and their influence on the shaping of national collective memory.

Odysseas Maroulis (1878–1956), Relief topographic map of the fortification of Mesolonghi during the final siege, National Historical Museum

A. Jaquème, “The remaining members of the garrison of Mesolonghi at the moment they set fire to the powder magazine to blow themselves up,” oil painting, Michalis and Dimitra Varkarakis Collection

Polychronis Lembesis(1848–1913), Ioannis Trikoglidis [1891–1962], “Athanasios Razikotsikas” (1929), oil painting, National Historical Museum (left), “Christos Kapsalis” (1881), oil painting, National Historical Museum (right)

The exhibition unfolds on two distinct levels and is divided into two parts. The first part, dedicated to the historical events, is structured into three thematic sections: (i) the Siege, (ii) the Exodus, and (iii) Memory. Unique artifacts—including paintings and engravings, personal belongings and weapons, costumes, medals, and decorations from the collections of the National Historical Museum, as well as documents, newspapers, and photographs from the Archive of Historical Documents and the Photographic Archive of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece—have traveled to Missolonghi, some for the first time. The second part of the exhibition features representations of the Exodus in public history, highlighting the symbolism and interpretations of the event through compositions accessible to younger audiences.

Konrad Lange (1806–1856), Commemorative medal with a symbolic depiction of the Exodus of Mesolonghi (1836), National Historical Museum (left), “The women of Mesolonghi in battle, ” Porcelain plate from the Montereau faience factory, National Historical Museum (right)

Vryzakis Theodoros (1814 or 1819 - 1878), Kapsali’s Sacrifice, Oil on canvas, 134 x 144 cm, Athens National gallery. The sacrifice of Christos Kapsalis (1826) stands as a supreme act of self-sacrifice during the Exodus of Missolonghi, when the local notable blew up the gunpowder store to prevent the remaining elderly, wounded, and women and children from falling into Ottoman hands.

Temporary exhibition “Missolonghi 1826: 200 Years since the Exodus” at the Benaki Museum

On the occasion of the bicentennial of the Exodus of Missolonghi, the Benaki Museum is organising an anniversary exhibition dedicated to the Holy City of Missolonghi, the Greek War of Independence, and the Philhellenic movement. The aim of the exhibition is, on one hand, to honor this pivotal event in the Greek Revolution, which shocked international public opinion and greatly strengthened Philhellenism, and, on the other hand, to highlight the significance and timelessness of the heroic Exodus of the people of Missolonghi.

Through representative paintings, drawings, engravings, books, and objects, the exhibition presents an extensive and multi-layered selection of the iconography of Missolonghi, the national liberation struggle, and Philhellenism. Rare artefacts from the Benaki Museum, the Dr John Robertson collection of drawings and engravings, as well as other institutions and private collections, shed light on how revolutionary Missolonghi served as a point of reference for both political Philhellenism and the intellectual formation of modern Greece. The exhibition combines iconic works with unknown and previously unpublished artefacts, offering a renewed and enriched perspective on Missolonghi and the Greek Revolution. Selected thematic sections (from ephemera and artistic practices to the role of the Press, the family, women, and public spectacles) highlight the broader cultural and ideological context of the era.

Giovanni Berselli (1802-1860) (engraver) – Narducci Pietro (1793-1880) (draughtsman), Missolonghite mother with her child, 1837, Tinted etching, Spyros Sakalis Collection (left), Announcement of Lord Byron’s death in the newspaper Telegrafo Greco, issue no. 6, 24 April 1824, British School at Athens. The foreign language newspaper Telegrafo Greco aimed to inform international public opinion on the events in Greece. It was printed in Missolonghi, at the press of Johann Jakob Meyer and Dimitris Mestheneas, with Count Pietro Gamba as editorial director (right)

Pistol belonging to Lord Byron, Wood, steel, Benaki Museum, donated by R. J. H. Jenkins. In 1834, Dionysios Solomos gave the two pistols to Lord Nugent, the liberal British Governor of the Ionian Islands (1832-1835)

Johann Lorenz II Rugendas (1775-1826) (draughtsman), The Exodus of Missolonghi, 1826, Coloured aquatint, Benaki Museum

Alphonse-Marie de Neuville (1835-1885) (draughtsman), The Defence of Missolonghi, Tinted lithograph, Benaki Museum

Commemorative fan from the concert held at the Vauxhall Hall in Paris, on 26 April 1826, in support of the Struggle of the Greeks, Paper, wood, Benaki Museum

Read also:

Missolonghi – Sacred City: 200 Years Since the Exodus (1/2)

Poem of the Month: “On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year” by Lord Byron

Book of the Month: “The Greek Revolution of 1821 and its Global Significance” by Roderick Beaton

Greek Revolution in the works of foreign artists

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